Instructor: Kathy Cennamo
Microphone Selection and Use
Video cameras come with built-in microphones. These in-camera microphones are very convenient but may not provide the greatest quality and flexibility. If you choose to use an external microphone rather than the one built into your camera, you will find it is simple and easy to do. Simply plug the microphone into the "mic" connection on your camera.
If you choose to use an external microphone, you have a choice of types. Each type has advantages and limitations. The sections below provide advice on each type of mic.
Wired microphones
Wired microphones are attached to your camera by a cable. The distance they can be placed from your subject is limited by the length of the cable. The camera and speaker are attached: where one goes, the other must follow. Under certain circumstance the cable can act as an antenna and pick up transmissions from television or radio, thereby picking up additional noise. To minimize these problems, use "shielded" microphone cables. Avoid running microphone cables next to electric power cords, as they may cause static in your audio. However, wired microphones are reasonably priced. And they may be the best choice of microphone under certain circumstances.
|
Handheld microphones Handheld microphones are convenient because they can be used for multiple purposes and allow the audio to be recorded close to the source of your sound. |
|
|
Pressure Zone Microphones (PZM) The Pressure Zone Microphone (PZM) is a good choice for recording groups. It picks up sound from a wide area and is very effective when recording meetings, classrooms, concerts, or stage shows. The microphone lays flat, and is easily placed outside the viewing range of your camera. Be aware that it picks up sounds reflected off the flat surface on which it is placed. Never place it over your source of sound. Although PZM microphones are very useful in enclosed spaces, they are not very useful when you are recording outside or in other open areas. |
|
|
Lavaliere microphones A lavaliere microphone can attach to a shirt, collar, or jacket. This mic is a good choice when conducting an interview because it is placed close to the source of sound. If you use a lavaliere mic, be aware of things around the mic that may rub against it. For example, hair and necklaces can cause noise if they rub against the microphone. When using a lavaliere mic, carpet can create static electricity that can be heard as "pops" through the microphone. This static can be minimized if the subject refrains from walking around. Clothes made of certain fabrics like wool also contribute to static electricity. |
|
Wireless microphones
|
A wireless microphone provides the user with freedom of movement and does not require a direct cable link to the camera. A wireless microphone is made up of two components: the microphone attached to a small radio transmitter, and the receiver that receives transmissions from the microphone transmitter. The major problem with the wireless mic is the potential for interference. Wireless microphone receivers can pick up other radio transmissions in the area. Wireless mics are available as lavaliere or hand-held models. |
Picture of wireless
|
Accessories
|
Headphones Headphones are essential when recording audio in the field! They plug directly into the camera and allow for instant verification of the audio source and quality. Headphones are probably the most important piece of audio equipment you will buy. Ideally, headphones should have closed ear pads to isolate you from outside sounds. |
|
|
Microphone poles Using a microphone on a pole, you can get close to the source of sound. A microphone pole allows the attachment of a handheld microphone. The pole extends and retracts to various lengths. With a pole and a directional microphone, you can pick up individual conversations in noisy locations (like classrooms). |
|
